Bipolar-membrane electrodialysis (BPED) simulation

1 LiCl feed -> 1 outlet (Li+ -> LiOH via Faraday's law, DLE conversion stage)

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Governing equations

The exact equations the solver works for a bipolar-membrane electrodialysis (bped) — the same math shown in the app's "Theory" panel, not a black box.

I = i \cdot A_{mem}

\dot n_{Li^+} = \eta_F\,\frac{I}{zF},\quad z=1

\mathrm{Li^+} + \mathrm{OH^-} \rightarrow \mathrm{LiOH}

P = I \cdot V_{cell}

i: applied current density [A/m^2]
A_{mem}: membrane area [m^2]
I: total stack current [A]
\eta_F: current (faradaic) efficiency [0..1]
z: Li+ charge number (=1)
F: Faraday constant [C/mol]
V_{cell}: applied cell voltage [V]
P: electrical power drawn [W] (reported as duty)

Parameters

current_density [A/m^2], membrane_area [m^2], cell_voltage [V]; optional current_efficiency [0..1, default 0.85], outlet_temperature [K, default = feed T], pressure_drop [Pa]

Example flowsheets that use it

Direct lithium extraction + LiOH crystallization

Open guide

Battery black-mass recycling: leach -> SX -> BPED -> LiOH crystallization