High-fructose corn syrup: SMB glucose/fructose separation

The single largest-volume industrial SMB in the world — separating fructose from glucose to make 55-HFCS. A glucose/fructose isomerate (dilute in water eluent) feeds the native SMB unit op; on a Ca²⁺-form ion-exchange resin fructose is the more-retained sugar, so it reports to the extract (the sweetener product) while glucose leaves in the raffinate (recycled to the isomerase reactor in a real plant). Solved as the steady-state True Moving Bed equivalent — a purely isotherm-driven liquid separation, so the sugars need no vapor-liquid-equilibrium data. Honesty note: TMB steady-state equivalent (not the transient port-switching process), ideal equilibrium stages, illustrative isotherm affinities capturing the real fructose > glucose retention order.