Cement, and the CO₂ that fuel switching cannot remove
Limestone calcined in a rotary kiln with real decomposition kinetics, and the released CO₂ compressed and cooled to a liquid.
The actual dark-mode canvas: limestone calcined in an indirectly-heated rotary kiln releasing a CO₂-rich off-gas, which is knocked out, compressed and cooled until the CO₂ liquefies for transport.
The CO₂ that fuel switching cannot remove
Roughly two thirds of a cement plant's carbon comes out of the limestone itself, not the fuel — so no amount of renewable heat removes it and capture is the only route. The kiln here is sized on a real residence-time correlation with Arrhenius decomposition along its length, and the compression train that liquefies the resulting CO₂ is solved with it. Scope note: the off-gas is modelled dry, which the example's description states.
Unit ops shipped for this vertical
Indirect-fired shell with real Arrhenius decomposition kinetics and Sullivan-Maynard-Valentine residence time.
Duty- or outlet-condition-specified energy-balance stage.
Single-stage vapor-liquid equilibrium split at a fixed temperature/pressure.
Polytropic compression to pipeline/process pressure.
Stream kiln shell temperature, off-gas CO₂ purity and compressor discharge from the plant's OPC-UA server into this flowsheet's twin comparison — calcination completeness and capture energy move together, and the solved kiln ties them.
See the Digital Twin platform →Try it yourself
- ✓Rotary kiln with Arrhenius decomposition along its length
- ✓Sullivan-Maynard-Valentine residence time, not a guess
- ✓Process CO₂ captured, not only combustion CO₂